Lack of familiarity with database design methods could prevent many end users from effectively implementing their database management system packages. An inexpensive solution would be for end users to learn required database design skills from software tutors tailored to their needs. This research describes two tutors developed to teach these skills to end users. The tutors were based on a modified Entity-Relationship database design method. They improved an end user's natural learning process by incorporating design principles and facilitators. Empirical comparison of the tutors tested the teaching effectiveness of the facilitators. The results lead to recommendations for closing the gap between skills required and skills learned by end users in database design. Development of tutors that teach specific database design skills irrespective of the software package used in implementation has important implications for practitioners and researchers.
The article discusses the experience of a large bank in implementing reusability-based strategy for development of information systems. The author explains that the design and implementation was performed in two stages. The first stage was to build a prototype to research the feasibility and attractiveness of reusability concept for the bank. The second was to evaluate its subsequent implementation using a library of reusable entities and a programmer's workbench. The author states that the implementation experience continued that applying the reusability concept to all stages of the system's life cycle results in both strategic and operational benefits. The article says that the bank saved over $1.5 million because of the library of reusable entities embedded within the programmer workbench.